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Implements a Macdonald-style delay differential equation model of adult mosquito ecology and infection dynamics, consistent with the model published by George Macdonald in 1952. This formulation is actually closer to one published by Aron & May (1982).

State Variables

M

density of adult mosquitoes

Y

density of infected adult mosquitoes

Z

density of infectious adult mosquitoes

Parameters

f

blood feeding rate

q

human blood fraction

g

mortality rate

sigma

patch emigration

mu

emigration-related loss

K

the dispersal matrix

tau

extrinsic incubation period (\(\tau\))

The demographic matrix \(\Omega\) is formulated as $$ \Omega = \mbox{diag} \left( g + \sigma \mu \right) + K \cdot \mbox{diag} \left( \sigma \left(1-\mu\right) \right) $$ Survival and dispersal through the EIP is $$ \Upsilon = e^{-\Omega \tau} $$

Dynamics

The dynamical system is described by a coupled set of delay differential equations. In these equations, a sub-scripted variable or term denotes its lagged value: \(M_\tau = M(t-\tau)\).

$$ \begin{array}{rl} dM/dt &= \Lambda - \Omega \cdot M \\\\ dY/dt &= fq\kappa(M-Y) - \Omega \cdot Y \\\\ dZ/dt &= \Upsilon \cdot (fq\kappa)_\tau(M_\tau-Y_\tau) - \Omega \cdot Z \\\\ \end{array} $$

Note

This model is not capable of handling exogenous forcing by weather or vector control. Use the GeM module instead.

References

  • Macdonald G (1952) The analysis of the sporozoite rate. Tropical Diseases Bulletin 49:569-586.

  • Aron JL, May RM (1982) The population dynamics of malaria. Chapter 5 in The Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: Theory and Applications, Springer, Boston, MA.